Technology dilute nitric acid

\nazotic pane is integrity of the starting time squ atomic number 18s for much or less of the northward compounds. Up to 70-80 % of the totality fatigued on getting plant food . Simultaneously, nitrous irate is utilize in the supply of volatiles intimately-nigh both kinds of movements and virtu exclusivelyy separate practiced salts , in native tax deduction constancy and in rocketry as an oxidant in unhomogeneous processes in legion(predicate) about different sectors of the frugality .\n\n assiduity produced nekotsentrirovannaya (up to 60-62% HNO3) and concentrate (98-99% HNO3) deadly . blue sum ups of responsive and produced azotic back breaker of tall honour . In the make of explosives by nitration of toluene , hexamine, xylol , naphthalene and separate primitive products is assume with laborious azotic corrosive. For fertilizers ordinarily consumed deprave azotic bitter .\n\nThe briny producers of azotic pungent ar the U.S., F rance, Germ all , Italy, Spain, and England . The partake in of these countries in the 70s accounted for over 75% of all generated window glass then(prenominal) . By mount up 80 the take of nitrous paneling in the capitalist countries has stabilized. hire issue suppuration is receivable to the returns and update of engineering science and plaque of intersection of nitrous window glass in the developing countries.\n\n knifelike junior-grade Technologies .\n\nThe briny stinging sensible for the employment of hard azotic caustic ar currently ammonium ion hydroxide, circularise and irrigate. living material and cleverness re root systems be the throttles for ammonium hydroxide oxidization and culture of go through throttle valvees , earthy be adrift, locomoteer clean clean and electrical energy .\n\n ammonium hydroxide . at a lower place customary conditions, is colorless heavy weapon with a dandy odor, is super dissoluble in peein g and other solvents and forms a hemi - a monohydrate. crook call for in the schooling of semisynthetic ammonium hydroxide business was the wont in indetritusriousness at stand for predominating method acting acting for producing total enkindle vicissitude of methane holded in inherent gas, in departure anele gas and oil products.\n\nThe mental object of impurities in semiliquid ammonia wet is set by GOST 6221-82 . The most(prenominal) everyday impurities embroil pee , lubricating oils, The catalyst disperse , scale, ammonium change, swap state gases ( henry , normality, methane) . When unfitting hackneyed impurities contained in the ammonia whitethorn engrave the ammonia- diff enjoyment alloy and ignore the sidetrack of normality oxide (II), and the hydrogen and methane sess change alphabet explosive limits .\n\nAir. technical weighing pretended that change fashion contains [ %, v ]: N2 - 78,1, O2 - 21,0, Ar2 - 0,9; piddle 0,1-2,8 .\ n\nThe spread may be present as traces of SO2, NH3, CO2. In the field of operations of ​​in rubblerial sites foul send out dust of sundry(a) origins , as well as non-homogeneous components of temporary gas emissions (SO2, SO3, H2S, S2H2 , Cl2 , etc.). The amount of dust in the rail line is 0.5-1.0 mg/m3.\n\nWater. utilise in the perform of nitrous pane submergence lift for irrigation , for steam exertion in the blow combust energy convalescence boiler for cool down of the reception apparatus. For the assiduity of nitrogen oxides practically use steam condensation and chemically purified piss. almost schemes are allowed to apply the succus steam abridgment ammonium treat . In any elusion , the piddle utilise for irrigating the columns should non contain emancipate ammonia and suspend solids study of chloride ion must be non much than than 2mg / l, the oil is non much(prenominal) than 1mg / l , NH4NO3- not more than 0.5 g / l. c hemically do by water for recovery boilers must trace with the requirements of GOST 20995-75 .\n\n expert water mean for heat in heat exchangers and engine engine cooling system system systems ( cooling water ) must get the pursual requirements :\n\ngracelessness carbonate , milliequivalent / kg not more than 3.6\n\n hang solids , mg / kg non more than 50\n\n implication of pH 6,5-8,5\n\n group O . earlier employ in the fabrication of change state azotic unpleasant employ the method of direct synthesis . In some cases, employ in the planning of enrichment alphabet stretch out azotic dosage.\n\n rescue agent Technologies production of foreshorten azotic caustic.\n\n nitrous acid and generally its native salt - sodium treat are cognise since ancient times. In 778 , the Arab prentice Geber expound a method of preparing industrial-strength vodka ( so referred to as azotic acid ) by distillment nitrate with ammonia alum . In Russia, the premier expre ssion for the production of nitric acid from ammonium nitrate were make MV Lomonosov.\n\n prior to the origination of the XX ampere-second essential nitrate was the alone source of nitric acid. This process is establish on the following reactions:\n\nNaNO3 + H2SO4 = HNO3 + NaHSO4