Virus and Bacteria

A computer computer virus is a capsule of protein that check up ons genetic material. A virus rump non reproduce on its admit it must infect a sustenance cell to grow. bacterium bacterium be one-celled organisms that live on their own. They underside multiply and reproduce by surgical incision bacterium and vir recitations cause many of the complaints we atomic number 18 familiar with and whitethorn sound correspondent they argon greatly different from each freshborn(prenominal). pic o They differ greatly in size. The biggest viruses are still as large as the tiniest bacterium. viruses are microscopic they bunk in size from slightly 20 to 400 nanometres in diameter (1 nanometer = 10-9 meters). By contrast, the sm bothest bacterium are about 400 nanometres in size. o some other difference is their structure. bacterium are daedal compared to viruses. A typical bacterium has a rigid cell wall(a) and a thin, rubbery cell membrane skirt the grippeid, or cyt oplasm inner the cell. A bacterium contains all of the genetic breeding needed to make copies of itselfits deoxyribonucleic acidin a structure called a chromosome. In addition, it whitethorn deliberate over extra receptive bits of DNA called plasmids floating in the cytoplasm.Bacteria overly have ribosomes, tools requisite for copying DNA so bacteria earth-closet reproduce. around have thread alike structures called flagella that they use to move. o A virus may or may not have an outermost spiky layer called the envelope. All viruses have a protein coat and a consequence of genetic material, either DNA or RNA. The main difference between viruses and bacteria is the way they reproduce. Bacteria, given the proper nutrients, foot grow and reproduce on their own. unless viruses jackpotnot live or reproduce without acquire inside some living cell, whether its a plant, wight, or bacteria.Viral vs. Bacterial Reproduction Bacteria contain the genetic blueprint (DNA) and al l the tools (ribosomes, proteins, etc. ) they need to reproduce themselves. computer viruses are moochers. They contain only a particular genetic blueprint and they dont have the necessary building tools. They have to invade other cells and hijack their cellular machinery to reproduce. viruses invade by amplifying to a cell and injecting their genes or by being swallowed up by the cell. Heres an employment of viral infection. These are T4 bacteriophages. They are a kind of virus that infects bacteria.Here they are landing place on the surface of an E. coli bacterium. The bacteriophage cuts a hole in the E. colis cell wall. It and then injects its genetic material into the bacterium. By winning over the E. colis genetic machinery, the viral genes single out the bacterium to begin making new virus parts. These parts come together to make whole new viruses inside the bacterium. Eventually so many new viruses are made that the E. coli bursts open and dies, relinquish all those new viruses to infect more(prenominal) than cells Some diseases ca utilise by virus and bacteria constitute of the disease Caused by Name of the microbes Polio Virus polio Pneumonia Virus / Bacteria influenza virus (flu) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Hepatitis Virus Hepatitis A Virus Hepatitis B Virus Mumps Virus Bronchitis Virus respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) back up Virus human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) Tuberculosis Bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tetanus Bacteria Clostridium tetani Anthrax Bacteria Diphtheria Bacteria Chicken Pox Virus varicella-zoster (VZV) How bacteria and viruses enter the body To cause disease bacteria have to gain approaching to the body.The ways in which a bacteria hindquarters get access to an animal body are Cuts Contaminated sustenance or water Close relate with an give person Contact with the faces of an infected person Breathing in the exhaled droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes Indirectly, by ghost contaminated surfaces such as taps, mint handles, toys and nappies.Viruses are interruption from one person to another by Coughs Sneezes Vomits Bites from infected animals or insects Exposure to infected bodily fluidsCuring a bacterial infection The body reacts to infective bacteria by increasing local anaesthetic blood flow (inflammation) and sending in cells from the immune system to attack and suppress the bacteria.Antibodies produced by the immune system attach to the bacteria and help in their destruction. solemn infections can be treated with antibiotics, which subject by disrupting the bacteriums metabolic processes. The bodys response to viral infection Viruses pose a enormous challenge to the bodys immune system because they spread over inside cells. This makes it difficult for antibodies to reach them. However, e supernumerary(a) immune system cells, called T-lymphocytes, can contend and kill cells containing viruses. Many viruses, when released from infec ted cells, give be powerfully knocked out by antibodies, produced in response to infection or previous immunisation.Antibiotics are useless against viral infections. Antiviral drugs are available only for few viral diseases, such as influenza, herpes, hepatitis B and C and HIV, but inquiry is ongoing. However, immunization is helpful in rubbish viral infection. The large scale immunization has led to the eradication of small lues once one of the most feared viral disease. How to K flat When You Need Antibiotics Dont expect antibiotics to bring around every illness. Antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections. In the past antibiotics were incontrovertible just in case the infection was bacterial rather than viral because it was concept that taking them couldnt do any injury. Wrong.This very practice has contributed to the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. While the use of antibiotics depends on the specific diagnosis, basic guidelines include Colds and flu are caused by viruses. They cant be cured with antibiotics. Symptoms can last both weeks or more and should be allowed to take to the woods their course.Cough and bronchitis are almost always caused by viruses. However, if you have a lung condition or the illness lasts a long cartridge holder your infection may be caused by a bacteria instead. Your doctor may decide to try treatment with an antibiotic.Sore throats are most frequently caused by viruses. streptococcus throat is caused by bacteria and requires treatment with antibiotics. A throat swab and a lab test are needed ahead your doctor testament bring down an antibiotic for a untoughened throat.Ear infections often require the use of antibiotics. However, not all ear infections are bacterial infections.Sinus infections do not always indicate a bacterial infection.Even if you have a fluid nose, or yellow or gullible mucus, you may not have a bacterial infection. Antibiotics should only be used for severe infections or infections that last more than two weeks. What is diarrhoea? Diarrhea can be caused by a mixing of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Children can also have diarrhea without having an infection, such as when diarrhea is caused by solid nourishment allergies or as a result of taking medications (such as antibiotics).A infant is considered to have diarrhea when the childs bowel movements are both more frequent than customary and looser and more watery than usual. Children with diarrhea may have additional symptoms including nausea, vomiting, stomach aches, headache, or fever. Swine Flu Swine flu is an infection caused by a virus. Its named for a virus that pigs can get. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. The virus is contagious and can spread from human to human. Symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of first-string human flu and include fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coug hing, chills, weakness and popular discomfort.Figure Electron microscope image of the reassorted H1N1 influenza virus photographed at the CDC Influenza Laboratory. The viruses are 80120nanometres in diameter. There are antiviral medicines you can take to veto or treat swine flu. There is no vaccine available right now to protect against swine flu. You can help maintain the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza byCovering your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. escape from the tissue in the trash subsequentlywards you use it.Washing your hand often with gunk and water, particularly after you cough or sneeze. You can also use alcohol-based hand cleaners.Avoiding touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way. Trying to avoid close progress to with sick people.Staying home from work or school if you are sick. Prevention of nutrition to contaminate Here are four-spot major tips recommended by the Centers for Disease ch eck out and Prevention (CDCP) to clog contaminating victuals.Use caveat when buying food. o When at the foodstuff store, pick up perishable food such as meat, eggs, and milk at the very end of your shopping, so they will stay cool. o Take food home right away so that it does not spoil in a hot car. o Avoid huffy or unpasteurized milk. o Because eggs, meat, seafood, and poultry are most likely to contain bacteria, do not allow their juices to expend on other food. storage food properly. Store eggs, raw meat, poultry, and seafood in the refrigerator. o A refrigerator should be set at 40 F. o A deep freezer should be set at 0 F. o Regularly clean and sweep the refrigerator and freezer. o Use containers to prevent contaminating other foods or kitchen surfaces. Do not store food exposed in the refrigerator or freezer.Use special precautions when preparing and cooking food. o Wash your hands and clean and disinfect kitchen surfaces before, during, and after handling, cooking, and share food. o Defrost frozen food on a plate either in the refrigerator or in a microwave, but not on the counter. o Cook food instantly after defrosting.Use different dishes and utensils for raw foods than you use for cooked foods. o Wash raw fruits and vegetables before eating them.Cool and promptly store leftovers after food has been served. o Because harmful bacteria grow at room temperature, remark hot food hot at 140 F or higher, and lionise cold food cold at 40 F or cooler. This is especially important during picnics and buffets. o Do not leave perishable foods out for more than two hours. o Promptly keep or freeze leftovers in school containers or wrapped tightly in bags.Figure (a) Components of virus, (b) components of bacteriaFigure Reproduction of T4 bacteriophage Virus